INTERNATIONAL POWER, PLUGS, AND LANGUAGES

NTERNATIONAL POWER, PLUGS, AND LANGUAGES
http://www.dbicorporation.com/internat/intpower.htm
January 6, 2003
John R. Barnes KS4GL, PE, NCE, ESDC Eng, SM IEEE
Robust Electronic Design, Inc.
216 Hillsboro Avenue
Lexington, KY 40511-2105
jrbarnes@iglou.com
Oscar Overton, Jr., Product Safety Engineer
Lexmark International E57A/005-1
740 West New Circle Rd
Lexington, KY 40550
ooverton@lexmark.com
This web page lists the nominal voltages and frequencies, power plugs, and languages used in residences and commercial sites in some 200 countries worldwide. It includes drawings of the plugs with their official designations, and with the letter designation(s) used in Electric Current Abroad-- the basic source of many similar lists found in catalogs and on the Internet. This web page summarizes over 28,100 pieces of information gleaned from 60 governmental and commercial documents. The list of sources and the authors' full database is available at internat.htm, which covers close to 300 countries.

To be used worldwide, a power supply should operate on 90-265V 47-63Hz power and have either an IEC 320 Sheet C14 (takes plug 15) or an IEC 320 Sheet C8 (takes plug 50) appliance inlet.

To be used in low-voltage countries, a power supply should operate on 90-140V 47-63Hz power, be of double-insulated construction, and have/take a plug 1 linecord.

Country Voltage/Frequency Plugs Language
Abu Dhabi 240V 50Hz 23 English
Afghanistan 220V 50Hz 16,18,22 English
Albania 220V 50Hz 16,18 Greek
Algeria 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
American Samoa 120V 60Hz 1,4,6 English
Andorra 220V 50Hz 16,18 Spanish
Angola 220V 50Hz 16,18 Portuguese
Anguilla 230V 50Hz 23 English
Antigua & Barbuda 230V 60Hz 23 English
Argentina 220V 50Hz 6 Spanish
Armenia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Armenian
Aruba 127V 60Hz 1,4 English
Australia 240V 50Hz 6 English
Austria 220V 50Hz 16,18 German
Azerbaijan 220V 50Hz 16,18 Azeri
Azores 220V 50Hz 16,18 Portuguese
Bahamas 120V 60Hz 1,4 English
Bahrain 230V 50Hz 23 English
Balearic Islands 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Bangladesh 230V 50Hz 16,22 English
Barbados 115V 50Hz 1,4 English
Belarus 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Belgium 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Belize 110V 60Hz 1,4 English
Benin 220V 50Hz 22 French
Bermuda 120V 60Hz 1,4 English
Bolivia 110V 50Hz 1,4 Spanish
Bosnia-Herzegovina 220V 50Hz 16,18 Serbo-Croatian
Botswana 231V 50Hz 22,23 English
Brazil 127V 60Hz,
220V 60Hz 1,4,16,18 Portuguese
Brunei 240V 50Hz 23 English
Bulgaria 220V 50Hz 16,18 German
Burkina Faso 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Burundi 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Cambodia 120V 50Hz,
220V 50Hz 1,4,16,18 French
Cameroon 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Canada 120V 60Hz 1,4 English,French
Canary Islands 220V 50Hz 16,18 Spanish
Cape Verde 220V 50Hz 16,18 Portuguese
Cayman Islands 120V 60Hz 1,4 English
Central African Republic 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Chad 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Channel Islands 240V 50Hz 23 English
Chile 220V 50Hz 16,25 Spanish
China (Peoples Republic of China) 220V 50Hz 6 Chinese
Christmas Island 240V 50Hz 6 English
CIS 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Cocos Island 240V 50Hz 6 English
Columbia 110V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Comoros 220V 50z 16,18 French
Congo 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Cook Island 240V 50Hz 6 English
Costa Rica 120V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Cote d'Ivoire 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Croatia 230V 50Hz 16,18 Serbo-Croatian
Cuba 115V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Cyprus 240V 50Hz 23 English
Czech Republic 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
Dahomey 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Democratic Republic of Congo 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Denmark 220V 50Hz 16,19 Danish
Djibouti 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Dominica 230V 50Hz 23 English
Dominican Republic 110V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Dubai 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
Ecuador 120V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Egypt 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
El Salvador 115V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Equatorial Guinea 220V (150-175V) 50Hz 16,18 Spanish
Eritrea 220V 50Hz 16,18 Arabic
Estonia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Ethiopia 220V 50Hz 16,18,25 English
Falkland Islands 230V 50Hz 23 English
Fiji 240V 50Hz 6 English
Finland 230V 50Hz 16,18 Finnish
France 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
French Guiana 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Gabon 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Gambia 220V 50Hz 23 English
Georgia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Germany 220V 50Hz 16,18 German
Ghana 220V 50Hz 22,23 English
Gibraltar 240V 50Hz 23 English
Gilbert Islands 220V 50Hz 6 ?
Greece 220V 50Hz 16,18 Greek
Greenland 220V 50Hz 16,18,19 Danish
Grenada 230V 50Hz 23 English
Grenadines 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Guadeloupe 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Guam 120V 60Hz 1,4 English
Guatemala 120V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Guinea 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Guinea-Bissau 220V 50Hz 16,18 Portuguese
Guyana 110V 60Hz 1,4 English
Haiti 110V 60Hz 1,4 French
Honduras 110V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Hong Kong 200V 50Hz 23 English
Hungary 220V 50Hz 16,18 German
Iceland 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
India 230V 50Hz 22,23 English
Indonesia 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
Iran 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
Iraq 220V 50Hz 23 English
Ireland 220V 50Hz 23 English
Isle of Man 240V 50Hz 23 English
Israel 230V 50Hz 32 English
Italy 220V 50Hz 25 Italian
Jamaica 110V 50Hz 1,4 English
Japan 100V 50Hz,
100V 60Hz 1,4 English,Japanese
Jerusalem 220V 50Hz 22 English
Jordan 220V 50Hz 16,18,23 English
Kazakhstan 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Kenya 240V 50Hz 23 English
Kuwait 240V 50Hz 23 English
Kyrgyzstan 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Laos 220V 50Hz 1,4,16,18 French
Latvia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Lebanon 110V 50Hz,
220V 50Hz 1,4,16,23 English
Lesotho 220V 50Hz 22 English
Liberia 120V 60Hz 1,4 English
Libya 230V 50Hz 25 English
Liechtenstein 220V 50Hz 24 German
Lithuania 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Luxembourg 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Macao 220V 50Hz 22 Portuguese
Macedonia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Macedonian
Madagascar 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Madeira 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Majorca Island 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Malagasy 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Malawi 230V 50Hz 23 English
Malaysia 240V 50Hz 23 English
Maldives 230V 50Hz 22 English
Mali 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Malta 240V 50Hz 23 English
Martinique 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Mauritania 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Mauritius 230V 50Hz 23 English
Mexico 127V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Miquelon 115V 60Hz 1,4 French
Moldava 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Monaco 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Mongolia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Mongolian
Montenegro 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Montserrat 230V 60Hz 23 English
Morocco 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Mozambique 220V 50Hz 16,18 Portuguese
Myanmar 230V 50Hz 22,23 English
Namibia 220V 50Hz 22 English
Nepal 220V 50Hz 22 English
Netherlands 220V 50Hz 16,18 Dutch
Netherlands Antilles 220V 50Hz 16,18 Dutch
New Caledonia 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
New Guinea 220V 50Hz 6 English
New Hebrides 220V 50Hz 6 ?
New Zealand 230V 50Hz 6 English
Nicaragua 120V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Niger 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Nigeria 230V 50Hz 22,23 English
Norfolk Island 240V 50Hz 6 English
North Korea 220V 60Hz 16,18 Korean
North Mariana Island 115V 60Hz 1,4 English
Norway 230V 50Hz 16,18 Norwegian
Okinawa 100V 60Hz,
120V 60Hz 1,4 ?
Oman 240V 50Hz 23 English
Pakistan 230V 50Hz 22 English
Panama 110V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Papua New Guinea 240V 50Hz 6 English
Paraguay 220V 50Hz 16,18 Spanish
Peru 220V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Philippines 110V 60Hz 1,4 English
Pitcairn Island 240V 50Hz 22 English
Poland 220V 50Hz 16,18 Polish
Polynesia 220V 50Hz 6 ?
Portugal 220V 50Hz 16,18 Portuguese
Puerto Rico 120V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Qatar 240V 50Hz 22,23 English
Romania 220V 50Hz 16,18 German
Russia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Rwanda 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Saint Kitts-Nevis 230V 60Hz 23 English
Saint Lucia 240V 50Hz 23 English
Saint Pierre 115V 60Hz 1,4 French
Saint Vincent 230V 50Hz 23 English
San Marino 220V 50Hz 16,18 Italian
Sao Tome & Principe 220V 50Hz 16,18 Portuguese
Saudi Arabia 127V 60Hz 1,4 English
Senegal 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Serbia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Serbo-Croatian
Seychelles 240V 50Hz 22,23 English
Sierra Leone 230V 50Hz 22,23 English
Singapore 230V 50Hz 23 English
Slovakia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Slovak
Slovak Republic 230V 50Hz 18 Slovak
Slovenia 220V 50Hz 16,18 Slovenian
Solomon Islands 240V 50Hz 6 English
Somalia 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
South Africa 220V 50Hz 22 English
South Korea 220V 60Hz 16,18 English
Spain 220V 50Hz 16,18 Spanish
Sri Lanka 230V 50Hz 22 English
Sudan 240V 50Hz 23 English
Suriname 127V 60Hz 1,4 Dutch
Svalbard 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Swaziland 230V 50Hz 22 English
Sweden 220V 50Hz 16,18 Swedish
Switzerland 220V 50Hz 16,24 French,German,Italian
Syria 220V 50Hz 16,18 English
Tahiti 127V 60Hz 1,4 French
Taiwan 110V 60Hz 1,4 English
Tajikistan 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Tanzania 230V 50Hz 22,23 English
Tasmania 220V 50Hz 6 ?
Thailand 220V 50Hz 1,4 English
Tibet 220V 50Hz 16,18 ?
Togo 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Tonga 240V 50Hz 6 English
Trinidad & Tobago 115V 60Hz,
230V 60Hz 1,4,23 English
Tunisia 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Turkey 220V 50Hz 16,18 Turkish
Turkmenistan 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Turks & Caicos Islands 110V 60Hz 1,4 English
Tuvalu 220V 50Hz 6 English
Uganda 240V 50Hz 23 English
Ukraine 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
United Arab Emirates 220V 50Hz 22,23 English
United Kingdom 240V 50Hz 23 English
United States 120V 60Hz 1,4 English
Upper Volta 220V 50Hz 16,18 French
Uruguay 220V 50Hz 16,18,25 Spanish
Uzbekistan 220V 50Hz 16,18 Russian
Venezuela 120V 60Hz 1,4 Spanish
Vietnam 127V 50Hz,
220V 50Hz 1,4,16,18 Vietnamese
Virgin Islands 120V 60Hz 1,4 English
Western Samoa 230V 50Hz 6 6 English
Yeman (Aden) 230V 50Hz 22,23 English
Yeman Arab Republic 220V 50Hz 22,23 English
Yugoslavia 220V 50Hz 16,18 German
Zambia 220V 50Hz 22,23 English
Zimbabwe 220V 50Hz 22,23 English

plug 1
Plug 1 = ECA A
NEMA WD-1 1-15P plug 4
Plug 4 = ECA B
NEMA WD-1 5-15P plug 6
Plug 6 = ECA I
AS 3112-1964,
NZS 198 plug 15
Plug 15
CEE 22 Sht V,
IEC 320 Sht C13 plug 16
Plug 16 = ECA C
CEE7 XVI(2) Europlug,
CEE7 XVII
plug 18
Plug 18 = ECA E or F
CEE7 VII Schuko plug 19
Plug 19 = ECA K
NORMBLAD 4 plug 22
Plug 22 = ECA D
SABS 164,
BS 546 plug 23
Plug 23 = ECA G
BS 1363 plug 24
Plug 24 = ECA J
SEV S24507
plug 25
Plug 25 = ECA L
CEI 23-16 plug 32
Plug 32 = ECA H
SII-32-1971 plug 50
Plug 50
IEC 320 Sht C7
Robust Electronic Design, Inc. is the research arm of dBi Corporation, an A2LA-accredited EMC/EMI/ESD testing and consulting company based in Lexington, Kentucky. Our staff has been directly involved in putting over 112 major electronic products into mass production at Sycor, IBM, and Lexmark. We have over 30 years experience in the computer and electronics industries developing electronic equipment and electronic products that:

1. Work.
2. Are safe and reliable.
3. Can be manufactured, tested, repaired, and serviced economically.
4. May be sold and used worldwide.
5. Can be easily adapted/enhanced to meet new and changing requirements.

Our President, John R. Barnes, is a Professional Engineer licensed in the state of Kentucky, a NARTE-Certified Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineer, a NARTE-Certified Electrostatic Discharge Control Engineer, a Senior Member of the IEEE, and an Advanced-class amateur radio operator. He has written one book, Electronic System Design: Interference and Noise Control Techniques, that was published in English and Russian. He is writing his second book, Robust Electronic Design Reference for Kluwer, due out in late 2003. He has also written articles on designing electronics for electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity for Printed Circuit Design and Conformity magazines.

Robust Electronic Design, Inc. and dBi Corporation may be contacted by:

* E-mail at jrbarnes@iglou.com
* Fax at (859)252-6128.
* Phone at (859)253-1178.
* Snail-mail at 216 Hillsboro Ave, Lexington, KY 40511-2105.

HK to Fiji

Money

http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g294331-s601/Fiji:Banks.And.Money.html

Flights
http://travel.travelocity.com/flights/AirSearch.do?SEQ=12428077478384202009

Date : 20/5/2009 quotion from Travel Experts (HK) LTd.

HKG to SYD = 3590 + 1212 (Tax) - Quantas
SYD to NAN = $5330 (included tax) - Fiji airlines
Total = HKD $10132

Fiji Money and Fiji banks
http://fiji.embassyhomepage.com/fijian_money_euro_currency_converter_fijian_banks_visa_credit_card_money_transfer_to_fiji_traveller_cheques_thomascook.htm

http://ach.travel.yahoo.net/flights/AirSearch.do?SEQ=12428059363044202009

新台幣兌換

http://www.taiwantalker.com/article.php/33

新台幣兌換

到了台灣，當然要用新台幣來消費，那麼在哪裡兌換比較划算呢？

一般來說，在香港銀行兌換的匯率不大好，所以，如非必要，不建議在香港銀行兌換新台幣。比較方便的方法，是到達桃園或高雄後在機場裡的銀行兌換。桃園中正機場裡有兆豐國際商業銀行和台灣銀行，在入境範圍的台灣銀行是二十四小時營業的。每次港幣兌台幣手續費為NT$30。

以下為兆豐銀行和台灣銀行提供的匯率，可能跟機場分行的匯率略有分別，但台灣銀行的匯率應該跟機場分行的頗為接近，而兩間銀行機場分行的匯率也差不多一樣，所以大家大致可參考台銀的匯率來估計機場兩間銀行的匯率：

http://www.megabank.com.tw/bulletin02_02.asp

http://rate.bot.com.tw/Pages/Static/UIP003.zh-TW.htm

如果你希望先在香港兌換新台幣，也可以嘗試到一些找換店兌換。百年找換店是其中一間，地址為香港中環德輔道中61-65號華人銀行大廈1703室。

http://berlincompanyexchangelimited.blogspot.com/

電話：25232549 / 25233403 / 25250474

不過在百年找換店兌換相比在桃園中正機場大約每一千港元約多六、七十元新台幣（另加銀行找換手續費每次三十元新台幣），如果你只換一兩千元港幣的話，差別不算很大。

在2007年12月，兩者的匯率曾經拉得很近，每一千港元甚至只差四元新台幣。

如果你到了台北市還想用港幣兌換新台幣，在重慶南路書局街也有很多銀行，匯率普遍比機場銀行或百年都好一點。但有部分可能要收取手續費 NT$100，也可能只收匯豐銀行發行的紙幣。而且台灣的銀行五天營業，服務時間比較短，大約下午三時半就會關門了。而且有部分行不設外幣兌換業務。此外，請帶備護照、入台證等證件。

有網友介紹上海商業儲蓄銀行，匯率不錯而且免收手續費（亦有網友說要收手續費NT$100），其中一間較接近台北車站的城中分行在台北市館前路28號：

http://www.scsb.com.tw

亦有網友介紹第一銀行，也不用手續費，總行在台北市重慶南路一段30號：

http://www.firstbank.com.tw

台灣雅虎亦有一個網頁同時提供幾間銀行的匯率，大家可參考看看：

http://tw.money.yahoo.com/currency_foreign2bank/currency/HKD/sort/-buy

另一個方法就是使用香港的提款卡，在台灣有PLUS標誌的提款機直接提取新台幣（每次最多二萬台幣），香港這邊的銀行會收取每次約二十五至三十港元的手續費，因為匯率還不錯，如果提款數目比較大（約一萬台幣）的話，甚至會比直接兌換好一點點。

當然你也可以直接用信用卡消費，Visa和Master的匯率也不錯，即使扣除香港銀行約1-2%的手續費，也會跟在機場或百年兌換差不多甚至好一點點。Visa提供以下網頁讓你計算在扣減銀行手續費後的實質匯率：

http://corporate.visa.com/pd/consumer_services/consumer_ex_rates.jsp

HKG<->Vancouver 18.7.09 to 31.8.09

HKG -> Vancouver-> HKG 2.7.09 to 31.8.09

HKG -> Vancouver 1.7.09 to 31.8.09

台北, 大阪

http://hk.travelzoo.com/

$880起 -- 平飛台北 二至四人同行 5月尾都用得
http://hk.travelzoo.com/top20/629578-571554
由 中華航空 提供

$630 -- 台北 Boutique Hotel 靠近最旺捷運忠孝新生站
http://hk.travelzoo.com/top20/629578-571605
由 易遊網 提供

$1,699 -- 台灣宜蘭3天套票 住香格里拉農場 親親大自然
http://hk.travelzoo.com/top20/629578-571582
由 利安旅遊 提供

$2,600 -- 大阪4天套票 坐全日空 酒店方便近地鐵
http://hk.travelzoo.com/top20/629578-571564
由 縱橫遊 提供